selenium python 教程（Python Selenium搭建UI自动化测试框架）

[Browser]
browser_name = chrome

[URL]
base_url = https://www.example.com在config目录下的logger.ini文件中，配置日志文件路径和日志级别：
[loggers]
keys=root

[handlers]
keys=consoleHandler,fileHandler

[formatters]
keys=formatter

[logger_root]
level=DEBUG
handlers=consoleHandler,fileHandler

[handler_consoleHandler]
class=StreamHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=formatter
args=(sys.stdout,)

[handler_fileHandler]
class=handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=formatter
args=('logs/test.log', 'D', 1, 30)

[formatter_formatter]
format=%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s
datefmt=%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S4.编写工具类
在utils目录下的driver.py文件中，封装获取浏览器驱动的方法：
import os
from selenium import webdriver
from configparser import ConfigParser

def get_driver():
    config = ConfigParser()
    config.read(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../config/config.ini'))

    browser_name = config.get('Browser', 'browser_name')
    if browser_name.lower() == 'chrome':
        return webdriver.Chrome()
    elif browser_name.lower() == 'firefox':
        return webdriver.Firefox()
    elif browser_name.lower() == 'edge':
        return webdriver.Edge()
    else:
        raise ValueError('Unsupported browser: {}'.format(browser_name))在utils目录下的logger.py文件中，封装日志记录的方法：
import os
from loguru import logger
from configparser import ConfigParser

config = ConfigParser()
config.read(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../config/logger.ini'))

logger.add(config.get('handler_fileHandler', 'class'), level=config.get('logger_root', 'level'), rotation=config.getint('handler_fileHandler', 'args')[2], retention=config.getint('handler_fileHandler', 'args')[3])

def get_logger(name):
    return logger.bind(name=name)
在utils目录下的read_config.py文件中，封装读取配置文件的方法：
import os
from configparser import ConfigParser

config = ConfigParser()
config.read(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../config/config.ini'))

def get_base_url():
    return config.get('URL', 'base_url')在utils目录下新增了一个take_screenshot.py文件，用于封装截图的方法：
import os
from datetime import datetime
from utils.driver import get_driver

def take_screenshot(name):
    driver = get_driver()
    screenshot_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../report/screenshots')
    os.makedirs(screenshot_dir, exist_ok=True)
    screenshot_file = os.path.join(screenshot_dir, '{}_{}.png'.format(name, datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S')))
    driver.save_screenshot(screenshot_file)5.编写页面对象
在page目录下的login_page.py文件中，封装登录页面的元素定位和操作方法：
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from utils.driver import get_driver

class LoginPage:
    url = '/login.html'
    username_input = (By.ID, 'username')
    password_input = (By.ID, 'password')
    login_button = (By.ID, 'login-button')

    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = get_driver()

    def open(self):
        self.driver.get(get_base_url() + self.url)

    def close(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    def login(self, username, password):
        self.driver.find_element(*self.username_input).send_keys(username)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.password_input).send_keys(password)

        self.driver.find_element(*self.login_button).click()

6.编写测试用例

在testcase目录下的test_login.py文件中，编写登录测试用例：
import unittest
from page.login_page import LoginPage
from utils.take_screenshot import take_screenshot

class TestLogin(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.page = LoginPage()

    def tearDown(self):
        self.page.close()

    def test_login_success(self):
        self.page.open()
        self.page.login('admin', 'admin123')
        self.assertIn('Welcome', self.page.driver.title)

    def test_login_failure(self):
        self.page.open()
        self.page.login('admin', 'wrong_password')
        self.assertIn('Login failed', self.page.driver.page_source)
        take_screenshot('test_login_failure')7.编写测试执行入口
在run.py文件中，编写测试执行入口：
import unittest
from datetime import datetime
from utils.logger import get_logger
from report import HTMLTestRunner

logger = get_logger(__name__)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    logger.info('Start testing...')
    suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover('testcase')
    report_file = 'report/test_report_{}.html'.format(datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S'))
    with open(report_file, 'wb') as f:
        runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=f, title='Test Report', description='Test Result')
        runner.run(suite)
    logger.info('Testing finished. Report file: {}'.format(report_file))
    
    # 将截图嵌入测试报告
    with open(report_file, 'r+', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        content = f.read()
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk('report/screenshots'):
            for file in files:
                screenshot_file = os.path.join(root, file)
                if 'test_report' not in screenshot_file:
                    screenshot_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(screenshot_file))[0]
                    screenshot_time = datetime.strptime(screenshot_name.split('_')[-2], '%Y-%m-%d')
                    screenshot_url = os.path.join(get_base_url(), screenshot_file)
                    content = content.replace('{}"'.format(screenshot_name), '{}" width="50%"'.format(screenshot_url))
        f.seek(0)

         f.write(content)

四、测试执行