接口返回的json数据，需要取值后断言，本篇使用jsonpath来提取接口返回的数据
接口返回数据
接口返回一个 json 类型的数据，以下数据是很常见的一种数据结构
{
"code": 0,
"msg": "success!",
"data": [{
"id": 154,
"create_time": "2021-01-20 22:38:16",
"update_time": "2021-01-20 22:38:16",
"goodsname": "《selenium入门到精通到放弃》",
"goodscode": "sp_210001",
"merchantid": "",
"merchantname": "",
"goodsprice": 20.0,
"stock": 0,
"goodsgroupid": 0,
"goodsstatus": 1
}, {
"id": 1,
"create_time": "2021-01-17 15:14:25",
"update_time": "2021-01-20 22:21:51",
"goodsname": "《jmeter 入门到精通》",
"goodscode": "sp_100049",
"merchantid": "10001",
"merchantname": "悠悠学堂",
"goodsprice": 100.0,
"stock": 1,
"goodsgroupid": 1,
"goodsstatus": 1
}, {
"id": 150,
"create_time": "2021-01-19 23:43:47",
"update_time": "2021-01-19 23:43:47",
"goodsname": "《cypress 入门到精通》",
"goodscode": "sp_10002232",
"merchantid": "1000122",
"merchantname": "悠悠学堂",
"goodsprice": 49.9,
"stock": 100,
"goodsgroupid": 0,
"goodsstatus": 1
}, {
"id": 148,
"create_time": "2021-01-19 23:42:20",
"update_time": "2021-01-19 23:42:20",
"goodsname": "《appium 入门到精通》",
"goodscode": "sp_426001",
"merchantid": "42601",
"merchantname": "悠悠学堂",
"goodsprice": 99.9,
"stock": 100,
"goodsgroupid": 0,
"goodsstatus": 1
}, {
"id": 147,
"create_time": "2021-01-19 22:22:41",
"update_time": "2021-01-19 22:22:41",
"goodsname": "《pytest 入门到精通》",
"goodscode": "sp_100119",
"merchantid": "",
"merchantname": "",
"goodsprice": 10.0,
"stock": 0,
"goodsgroupid": 0,
"goodsstatus": 1
}]
}
通过.取子节点
相关语法可以参考下表
import jsonpath
s = {
"code": 0,
"msg": "success!",
"data": [{
"id": 154,
"create_time": "2021-01-20 22:38:16",
"update_time": "2021-01-20 22:38:16",
"goodsname": "《selenium入门到精通到放弃》",
"goodscode": "sp_210001",
"merchantid": "",
"merchantname": "",
"goodsprice": 20.0,
"stock": 0,
"goodsgroupid": 0,
"goodsstatus": 1
}, {
"id": 1,
"create_time": "2021-01-17 15:14:25",
"update_time": "2021-01-20 22:21:51",
"goodsname": "《jmeter 入门到精通》",
"goodscode": "sp_100049",
"merchantid": "10001",
"merchantname": "悠悠学堂",
"goodsprice": 100.0,
"stock": 1,
"goodsgroupid": 1,
"goodsstatus": 1
}, {
"id": 150,
"create_time": "2021-01-19 23:43:47",
"update_time": "2021-01-19 23:43:47",
"goodsname": "《cypress 入门到精通》",
"goodscode": "sp_10002232",
"merchantid": "1000122",
"merchantname": "悠悠学堂",
"goodsprice": 49.9,
"stock": 100,
"goodsgroupid": 0,
"goodsstatus": 1
}, {
"id": 148,
"create_time": "2021-01-19 23:42:20",
"update_time": "2021-01-19 23:42:20",
"goodsname": "《appium 入门到精通》",
"goodscode": "sp_426001",
"merchantid": "42601",
"merchantname": "悠悠学堂",
"goodsprice": 99.9,
"stock": 100,
"goodsgroupid": 0,
"goodsstatus": 1
}, {
"id": 147,
"create_time": "2021-01-19 22:22:41",
"update_time": "2021-01-19 22:22:41",
"goodsname": "《pytest 入门到精通》",
"goodscode": "sp_100119",
"merchantid": "",
"merchantname": "",
"goodsprice": 10.0,
"stock": 0,
"goodsgroupid": 0,
"goodsstatus": 1
}]
}
code = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$.code')
print(code) # 输出结果 [0]
msg = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$.msg')
print(msg) # 输出结果 ['success!']
names = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$..goodscode')
print(names) # 输出结果 ['sp_210001', 'sp_100049', 'sp_10002232', 'sp_426001', 'sp_100119']
no = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$..yoyo')
print(no) # 找不到是结果是 False
$. 是取子节点，如果不在当前节点，可以用 $.. 相对节点取值，取出所有的子孙节点符合的值
list取值
1.根据下标取出data里面的第一条数据，下标从 0 开始计算
data1 = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$.data[0]')
print(data1)
# 返回
[{'id': 154, 'create_time': '2021-01-20 22:38:16', 'update_time': '2021-01-20 22:38:16', 'goodsname': '《selenium入门到精通到放弃》', 'goodscode': 'sp_210001', 'merchantid': '', 'merchantname': '', 'goodsprice': 0.0, 'stock': 0, 'goodsgroupid': 0, 'goodsstatus': 1}]
2.取出data下第1条数据的goodsname
data2 = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$.data[0].goodsname')
print(data2)
# ['《selenium入门到精通到放弃》']
3.取出data的前面2条数据，可以用list的切片取值[:2]
data3 = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$.data[:2]')
print(data3)
4.取出data的后面2条数据，用list切片取值[-2:]
data4 = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$.data[-2:]')
print(data4)
5.取出data的倒数第2条数据，这里不支持[-2]索引，但是可以用切片[-2:-1]
data5 = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$.data[-2:-1]')
print(data5)
6.取出第 1 条和第 3 条数据，多个取值可以用逗号隔开[0,2]
data6 = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$.data[0,2]')
print(data6)
?()过滤器运算符
过滤器是用于筛选数组的逻辑表达式。一个典型的过滤器将是 [?(@.age > 18)]，其中@表示正在处理的当前项目。
可以使用逻辑运算符&& 和 ||创建更复杂的过滤器。字符串文字必须用单引号或双引号括起来 ([?(@.name == 'yoyo')] 或者 [?(@.name== "yoyo")]).
?()过滤表达式的使用
?()过滤表达式。表达式必须求值为一个布尔值,表达式一般结合@获取当前节点来过滤
1.找出商品价格大于30的全部商品信息
# 价格大于30的
data1 = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$.data[?(@.goodsprice > 20)]')
print(data1)
# 价格大于30的goodscode
goodscodes = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$.data[?(@.goodsprice > 20)].goodscode')
print(goodscodes) # ['sp_100049', 'sp_10002232', 'sp_426001']
# 价格大于30的goodsname
goodsnames = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$.data[?(@.goodsprice > 20)].goodsname')
print(goodsnames) # ['《jmeter 入门到精通》', '《cypress 入门到精通》', '《appium 入门到精通》']
2.取出 ‘goodscode’: ‘sp_100049’ 对应的 goodsname
# 取出 'goodscode': 'sp_100049' 对应的 goodsname
name2 = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$.data[?(@.goodscode == "sp_100049" )].goodsname')
print(name2) # ['《jmeter 入门到精通》']
3.取出 ‘goodscode’: ‘sp_100049’ 和 ‘goodscode’: ‘sp_100119’ 对应的 goodsname
# in 包含在内 nin不存在
name3 = jsonpath.jsonpath(s, '$.data[?(@.goodscode in ["sp_100049", "sp_100119"])].goodsname')
print(name3) # ['《jmeter 入门到精通》', '《pytest 入门到精通》']
备注：正则表达式过滤在python里面暂不支持
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